User manual CASIO FX991ES PLUS

[. . . ] E fx-115ES fx-991ES User's Guide http://world. casio. com/edu/ RCA502160-001V01 CASIO Europe GmbH Bornbarch 10, 22848 Norderstedt, Germany About this Manual · The MATH mark indicates an example that uses Math format, while the LINE mark indicates Linear format. For details about input/output formats, see "Specifying the Input/Output Format". · Keycap markings indicate what a key inputs or what function it performs. · Pressing the 1 or S key followed by a second key performs the alternate function of the second key. [. . . ] Specify a tol value that is 1 × 10­14 or greater. · You cannot input a tol value when using Math format. · Inaccurate results and errors can be caused by the following : - discontinuous points in x values - extreme changes in x values - inclusion of the local maximum point and local minimum point in x values - inclusion of the inflection point in x values - inclusion of undifferentiable points in x values - differential calculation results approaching zero · Pressing A will interrupt an ongoing differential calculation. Appendix <#033> Determine f '( ) when f(x) = sin(x) 2 (tol specification omitted. ) d <#034> (3x2 ­ 5x + 2, 2, 1×10­12) = 7 dx E-36 With (, you can obtain the sum of an input f(x) expression for a specific range. calculations are performed using the following formula. k Calculations ( f(x), a, b) = f(a) + f(a + 1) + . . . . + f(b) f(x): Function of X (All non-X variables are treated as a: b: constants. ) Calculation range start point Calculation range end point · a and b are integers in the range of ­1 × 10 10 < a < b < 1 × 1010. · The calculation step is fixed at 1. · (, d/dx(, Pol(, Rec(, and ( cannot be used within f(x), a, or b. · Pressing A will interrupt an ongoing calculation. Appendix <#035> (X + 1, 1, 5) = 20 k Rectangular-Polar Coordinate Conversion Rectangular Coordinates (Rec) Polar Coordinates (Pol) · Coordinate conversion can be performed in the COMP, STAT, MATRIX, and VECTOR calculation modes. Converting to Polar Coordinates (Pol) Pol(X, Y) X: Specifies the rectangular coordinate X value Y: Specifies the rectangular coordinate Y value · Calculation result is displayed in the range of ­180° < < 180°. · Calculation result is displayed using the calculator's default angle unit. · Calculation result r is assigned to variable X, while is assigned to Y. Converting to Rectangular Coordinates (Rec) Rec(r, ) r : Specifies r value of polar coordinate : Specifies value of polar coordinate · Input value is treated as an angle value, in accordance with the calculator's default angle unit setting. · Calculation result x is assigned to variable X, while y is assigned to Y. E-37 · If you perform coordinate conversion inside of an expression instead of a stand-alone operation, the calculation is performed using only the first value (either the r-value or the X-value) produced by the conversion. Example: Pol (' ' + 5 = 2 + 5 = 7 2, 2) Appendix <#036> to <#037> k Other Functions This section explains how to use the functions shown below. !, Abs(, Ran#, nPr, nCr, Rnd( · These functions can be used in the same modes as the trigonometric functions. In addition, the Abs( and Rnd( functions can be used in complex number calculations in the CMPLX Mode. Factorial (!) This function obtains the factorials of a value that is zero or a positive integer. = 40320 Absolute Value Calculation (Abs) When you are performing a real number calculation, this function simply obtains the absolute value. Appendix <#039> Abs (2 ­ 7) = 5 Random Number (Ran#) This function generates a 3-digit pseudo random number that is less than 1. Appendix <#040> Generate three 3-digit random numbers. The random 3 digit decimal values are converted to 3-digit integer values by multiplying by 1000. [. . . ] · Action · Narrow the table calculation range by changing the Start, End, and Step values, and try again. Time Out Error · Cause · The current differential or integration calculation ends without the ending condition being fulfilled. · Action · Try increasing the tol value. Note that this also decreases solution precision. E-70 k Before assuming malfunction of the calculator. . . Perform the following steps whenever an error occurs during a calculation or when calculation results are not what you expected. If one step does not correct the problem, move on to the next step. [. . . ]