User manual HP 48GX GRAPHING CALCULATOR

[. . . ] Reproduction, adaptation, or translation of this manual is prohibited without prior written permission of Hewlett-Packard Company, except as allowed under the copyright laws. Hewlett-Packard Company 4995 Murphy Canyon Rd, Suite 301 San Diego, CA 92123 Printing History Edition 3 November 2004 Contents Part 1. Basic Operation 1. Getting Started Important Preliminaries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Turning the Calculator On and Off. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Adjusting Display Contrast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Highlights of the Keyboard and Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Shifted Keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Alpha Keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Cursor Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Silver Paint Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Backspacing and Clearing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Using Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Exiting Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 RPN and ALG Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 The Display and Annunciators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Keying in Numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Making Numbers Negative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Exponents of Ten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Understanding Digit Entry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Range of Numbers and OVERFLOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Doing Arithmetic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 OneNumber Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 TwoNumber Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Controlling the Display Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Contents 1 Periods and Commas in Numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Number of Decimal Places . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 SHOWing Full 12Digit Precision. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [. . . ] While program entry is active, there are three ways to change the program pointer (the displayed line): Use the cursor keys, and . Pressing , while pressing line moves the pointer to moves the pointer to the last program line. at the last at To move more than one line at a time ("scrolling"), continue to hold the or key. to move the program pointer to . label nnnn to move to a labeled line number less than If Programentry mode is not active (if no program lines are displayed), you can label. also move the program pointer by pressing Canceling Programentry mode does not change the position of the program pointer. Simple Programming 1219 Memory Usage If during program entry you encounter the message , then there is not enough room in program memory for the line you just tried to enter. You can make more room available by clearing programs or other data. See "Clearing One or More Programs" below, or "Managing Calculator Memory" in appendix B. The Catalog of Programs (MEM) The catalog of programs is a list of all program labels with the number of bytes of memory used by each label and the lines associated with it. Press { } to display the catalog, and press or to move within the list. You can use this catalog to: Review the labels in program memory and the memory cost of each labeled program or routine. (Press displayed. ) Display a labeled program. (Press or while the label is while the label is displayed. ) while the label is displayed. ) See the checksum associated with a given program segment. An annunciator tells you which base is the current setting. Compare the program lines below in the left and right columns. All nondecimal numbers are rightjustified in the calculator's display. Notice how the number 13 appears as "D" in Hexadecimal mode. Decimal mode set: : : PRGM PRGM Hexadecimal mode set: : : PRGM PRGM HEX HEX : : : : Polynomial Expressions and Horner's Method Some expressions, such as polynomials, use the same variable several times for their solution. For example, the expression Ax4 + Bx3 + Cx2 + Dx + E uses the variable x four different times. A program to calculate such an expression using ALG operations could repeatedly recall a stored copy of x from a variable. Example: Write a program using ALG operations for 5x4 + 2x3, then evaluate it for x = 7. Simple Programming 1223 Keys: (In ALG mode) Display: Description: A X 5 X 4 2 X 3 5 5x. 5x4 5x4 + 5x4 + 2 5x4 + 2x 5x4 + 2x3 { } Displays label A, which takes 93 bytes. Cancels program entry. Now evaluate this polynomial for x = 7. Keys: (In ALG mode) A value Display: Description: Prompts for x. Result. 7 1224 Simple Programming A more general form of this program for any equation Ax4 + Bx3 + Cx2 + Dx + E would be: Checksum and length: E41A 54 Simple Programming 1225 13 Programming Techniques Chapter 12 covered the basics of programming. This chapter explores more sophisticated but useful techniques: Using subroutines to simplify programs by separating and labeling portions of the program that are dedicated to particular tasks. The use of subroutines also shortens a program that must perform a series of steps more than once. [. . . ] Function appears only in equations. G20 Operation Index Index Special Characters , 65 Algebraic mode, 110 ALL format. See display format in equations, 65 in programs, 126 setting, 120 alpha characters, 13 angles between vectors, 151 converting format, 413 converting units, 413 implied units, 44, A2 angular mode, 44, A2, B3 annunciators alpha, 13 battery, 11, A2 descriptions, 111 flags, 1311 list of, 17 lowpower, 11, A2 shift keys, 12 answers to questions, A1 arithmetic binary, 102 general procedure, 116 hexadecimal, 102 intermediate results, 211 long calculations, 211 octal, 102 order of calculation, 213 stack operation, 24, 91 assignment equations, 69, 610, 611, 71 FN. See integration z, 114 , 123 , 43, A2 annunciators binary numbers, 106 equations, 67, 126 (in fractions), 121, 51 annunciator in catalogs, 33 in fractions, 33, 52, 53 _. See digitentry cursor annunciators, 13 annunciator, 11, A2 A A. . Z annunciator, 13, 32, 64 absolute value (real number), 416 addressing indirect, 1320, 1321, 1322 ALG, 110 compared to equations, 124 in programs, 124 Index1 asymptotes of functions, D8 B backspace key canceling VIEW, 33 clearing messages, 15, F1 clearing Xregister, 22, 26 deleting program lines, 1218 equation entry, 15, 68 leaving menus, 15, 19 operation, 15 program entry, 126 starts editing, 68, 126, 1218 balance (finance), 171 base affects display, 104 arithmetic, 102 converting, 101 default, B3 programs, 1222 setting, 101, 1411 base mode default, B3 equations, 65, 610, 1222 fractions, 52 programming, 1222 setting, 1222, 1411 batteries, 11, A2 Bessel function, 82 bestfit regression, 117, 161 BIN annunciator, 101 viewing all digits, 33, 106 borrower (finance), 171 branching, 132, 1316, 147 C %CHG arguments, 47 adjusting contrast, 11 canceling prompts, 15, 613, 1213 canceling VIEW, 33 clearing messages, 15, F1 clearing Xregister, 22, 26 interrupting programs, 1217 leaving catalogs, 15, 33 leaving Equation mode, 63, 64 leaving menus, 15, 19 leaving Program mode, 126 on and off, 11 operation, 15 stopping integration, 82, 148 stopping SOLVE, 77, 141 , 91, 92 /c value, 55, B3, B6 calculator adjusting contrast, 11 default settings, B3 environmental limits, A2 questions about, A1 resetting, A4, B2 selftest, A5 shorting contacts, A4 testing operation, A4, A5 turning on and off, 11 cash flows, 171 catalogs leaving, 15 binary numbers. 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