User manual SPSS BRIEF GUIDE 12.0

[. . . ] SPSS 12. 0 Brief Guide ® For more information about SPSS® software products, please visit our Web site at http://www. spss. com or contact SPSS Inc. 233 South Wacker Drive, 11th Floor Chicago, IL 60606-6412 Tel: (312) 651-3000 Fax: (312) 651-3668 SPSS is a registered trademark and the other product names are the trademarks of SPSS Inc. No material describing such software may be produced or distributed without the written permission of the owners of the trademark and license rights in the software and the copyrights in the published materials. The SOFTWARE and documentation are provided with RESTRICTED RIGHTS. [. . . ] Figure 6-3 Reordered output in the Viewer You can also move output items by clicking and dragging them in the contents pane. Using the Pivot Table Editor The results from most statistical procedures are displayed in pivot tables. Accessing Output Definitions Many statistical terms are displayed in the output. Definitions of these terms can be accessed directly in the Viewer. E Double-click the Owns PDA * Gender * Internet Crosstabulation table. 93 Working with Output E Right-click Expected Count and select What's This?from the pop-up context menu. The definition is displayed in a pop-up window. Figure 6-4 Pop-up definition Pivoting Tables The default tables produced may not display information as neatly or as clearly as you would like. With pivot tables, you can transpose rows and columns ("flip" the table), adjust the order of data in a table, and modify the table in many other ways. For example, you can change a short, wide table into a long, thin one by transposing rows and columns. Changing the layout of the table does not affect the results. Instead, it's a way to display your information in a different or more desirable manner. E Double-click the Owns PDA * Gender * Internet Crosstabulation table. 94 Chapter 6 E If the Pivoting Trays window is not visible, from the menus choose: Pivot Pivoting Trays Pivoting Trays provide a way to move data between columns, rows, and layers. Figure 6-5 Pivoting Trays 95 Working with Output E Click one of the pivot icons to see what it represents. The shaded area in the table indicates what will be moved when you move the pivot icon. A pop-up label also indicates what the icon represents in the table. Figure 6-6 Pivot icon labels E Drag the Statistics pivot icon from the Row dimension to the bottom of the Column dimension. The table is immediately reconfigured to reflect your changes. 96 Chapter 6 The order of the pivot icons in a dimension reflects the order of the elements in the table. Figure 6-7 Pivoting tray icon associations E Drag the Owns PDA icon to the left of the Internet icon and release the mouse button to reverse the order of these two rows Creating and Displaying Layers Layers can be useful for large tables with nested categories of information. By creating layers, you simplify the look of the table, making it easier to read. Layers work best when the table has at least three variables. E Double-click the Owns PDA * Gender * Internet Crosstabulation table. E If the Pivoting Trays window is not visible, from the menus choose: Pivot Pivoting Trays 97 Working with Output E Drag the Gender pivot icon to the Layer dimension. Figure 6-8 Gender pivot icon in the Layer dimension To view the different layers, you can either click the arrows on the layer pivot icon, or you can select a layer from the drop-down list in the table. 98 Chapter 6 Figure 6-9 Choosing a layer Editing Tables Unless you've taken the time to create a custom TableLook, pivot tables are created with standard formatting. You can change the formatting of any text within a table. Formats that you can change include font name, font size, font style (bold or italic), and color. E Double-click the Level of education table. E If the Formatting toolbar is not visible, from the menus choose: View Toolbar E Click the title text, Level of education. E From the drop-down list of font sizes on the toolbar, select 12. 99 Working with Output E To change the color of the title text, click the Text Color tool and select a color. Figure 6-10 Reformatted title text in the pivot table You can also edit the contents of tables and labels. For example, you can change the title of this table. E Double-click the title. E Type Education Level for the new label. Note that if you change the values in a table, totals and other statistics are not recalculated. 100 Chapter 6 Hiding Rows and Columns Some of the data displayed in a table may not be useful or it may unnecessarily complicate the table. Fortunately, you can hide entire rows or columns without losing any data. E Double-click the Education Level table. [. . . ] For example, if you select Stepwise in the above example, only variables that meet the criteria in the Linear Regression Options dialog box are entered in the equation. Nonparametric Tests The Nonparametric Tests submenu on the Analyze menu provides nonparametric tests for one sample or for two or more paired or independent samples. Nonparametric tests do not require assumptions about the shape of the distributions from which the data originate. Chi-Square The Chi-Square Test procedure is used to test hypotheses about the relative proportion of cases falling into several mutually exclusive groups. You can test the hypothesis that people who participated in the survey occur in the same proportions of gender as the general population (50% males, 50% females). In this example, you will need to recode the string variable Gender (gender) into a numeric variable before you can run the procedure. 196 Chapter 11 E From the menus choose: Transform Automatic Recode. . . This opens the Automatic Recode dialog box. Figure 11-11 Automatic Recode dialog box E Select the variable Gender (gender) and move it to the Variable -> New Name list. [. . . ]