User manual DE DIETRICH WM1578U2

[. . . ] Hydrofluoric acid completely and quickly dissolves the glass whatever the temperature is. Its concentration in the product must not exceed 0. 002% (20 ppm). 210 °C 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 10 20 30 200 °C 0. 2 mm/year 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 °C 0. 1 mm/year HCI 190 0. 2 mm/year 0. 1 mm/year 180 170 160 150 140 130 Weight % 10 20 H2SO4 HNO3 0. 2 mm/year 0. 1 mm/year 30 40 50 60 70 80 Weight % 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Weight % ISOCORROSION CURVES OUR ISOCORROSION CURVES ARE ESTABLISHED FOR MOST CURRENT PRODUCTS. THEY SHOw AS A FUNCTION OF PRODUCT CONCENTRATION THE TEMPERATURES AT wHICH THE wEIGHT LOSSES CORRESPOND TO 0. 1 AND 0. 2 MM/YEAR. THE USE OF GLASS IS NOT ADVISABLE CARE MUST BE TAkEN OF THE ADVANCE OF THE CORROSION GLASS CAN BE USED wITHOUT PROBLEMS ALL THE TEST HAVE BEEN PERFORMED IN TANTALUM LINED REACTORS AND USING A RATIO VOLUME OF PRODUCT / SURFACE OF ENAMEL (V/S) > 20 TO AVOID THE INHIBITION OF THE ATTACk BY DISSOLVED SILICA. 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 °C H3PO4 0. 2 mm/year 0. 1 mm/year Weight % 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 230 220 °C 0. 2 mm/year 0. 1 mm/year CH3COOH RESISTANCE TO ORGANIC SUBSTANCES Chemical attack is very low in organic substances. [. . . ] THE USE OF GLASS IS NOT ADVISABLE CARE MUST BE TAkEN OF THE ADVANCE OF THE CORROSION GLASS CAN BE USED wITHOUT PROBLEMS ALL THE TEST HAVE BEEN PERFORMED IN TANTALUM LINED REACTORS AND USING A RATIO VOLUME OF PRODUCT / SURFACE OF ENAMEL (V/S) > 20 TO AVOID THE INHIBITION OF THE ATTACk BY DISSOLVED SILICA. 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 °C H3PO4 0. 2 mm/year 0. 1 mm/year Weight % 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 230 220 °C 0. 2 mm/year 0. 1 mm/year CH3COOH RESISTANCE TO ORGANIC SUBSTANCES Chemical attack is very low in organic substances. If water is given off during the reaction, the rate of attack will depend on the amount of water in the solution. In the case of 0. 1N sodium hydroxide in anhydrous alcohol at 210 80°C, the rate of attack is virtually nil. In methanol, there has to be more than 10% water before the loss of weight can be measured, whereas in ethanol with 5% water, the weight loss is already half of what it is in aqueous solution. 200 190 180 170 160 140 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Weight % RESISTANCE TO ALkALIS Here the permissible temperature limits are lower than for acids. At pH = 13 (NaOH 0. 1N) this maximum is 70°C. Therefore, it is important to be cautious when using hot alkalis. Temperature must be controlled, as an increase of 10°C doubles the rate of attack of the glass. Care must be taken for the introduction of alkalis into a vessel. Avoid the flow of alkalis along the warm vessel wall by using a dip pipe. °C 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 10-2 10-1 1 10 30 Weight % 0. 2 mm/year 0. 1 mm/year 120 °C 150 °C Na2CO3 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 10-3 11 10-2 0, 04 10-1 12 NaOH 140 130 120 110 0. 2 mm/year 0. 1 mm/year Weight % 100 90 80 NH3 0. 2 mm/year 0. 1 mm/year 0, 4 1 13 4 14 10 30 50 10-2 0, 04 10-1 0, 4 1 4 10 30 Weight % pH RESISTANCE TO wATER VAPOR Resistance to water is excellent. The behavior of glass in neutral solutions depends on each individual case but in general is very satisfactory. CORROSION INHIBITION Chemical reactions are sometimes so severe they cause a rapid wear on the enamel surface. The use of additives to the reacting substance can inhibit this corrosion permitting the use of glass-lined equipment. are different from standard (very high temperature, very low temperature, high pressure, . . . ), or because of a particular material or design such as glass-lined stainless steel equipment, columns without compensator, dissymmetrical appliances (lyre and lateral nozzle), non-standard thicknesses, non-standard lengths, jacketed piping, etc. . . The following table is provided to enable you to validate your operating conditions and obviate the creation of excessive thermal shocks when introducing products into standard equipment or on changes in temperature in the thermal fluid (Multifluid system). The maximum T values given in these tables MUST be respected. They are limit values which must not be exceeded. NOTE Instructions devoted entirely to the thermal properties of the enamel are attached to the Maintenance Manual of our equipment to enable their installation and use in complete safety, as far as both your operators and the equipment are concerned. A DISTINCTION SHOULD BE MADE BETwEEN : · The "thermal shock" proper, which is characterised by an abrupt change in temperature applied either to the surface of the enamel (introduction of a product into the appliance: reagent, cleaning water), or to the steel (such as jacket nozzle location when introducing for example super-heated steam). · The «thermal stresses», which are mechanical stresses related to temperature gradients which appear temporarily in the steel during phases of temperature changes. These are related to the design of equipment and may generate stresses in the enamel, which may cause its rupture, and/or result in fissuring of the passivation layer in coils and foster the development of corrosion under stresses, which may lead to the appearance of transverse cracks. Glass-lined equipment is more or less sensitive to thermal shocks and thermal stresses, depending on their geometrical or structural characteristics. This requires us to make a distinction between: · On one hand, standard equipment, in which the calculation data are ­25°C to +200°C regarding the temperature, and ­1 to 6 bar regarding the pressure. · On the other hand, specific equipment, either because of their calculation and/or operating conditions, which GENERAL CASE OF STANDARD VESSELS CALCULATED FROM -25°C TO +200°C EN 15159 NORM wHEN INTRODUCING THE THERMAL FLUID IN THE jACkET wHEN LOADING PRODUCT INTO THE VESSEL A B Thermal fluid T° not to exceed Product and wall T° Product T° not to exceed Thermal fluid and wall T° Example A If the product and the glass-lined wall are at 170°C, the fluid temperature should be between +30°C and +200°C. Example B If the glass-lined wall and the thermal fluid are at 20°C, products between -25°C and +165°C may be safely introduced. T° mini -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 T° maxi 120 125 135 145 155 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 -25 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 T° mini -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -5 5 20 30 45 60 75 T° maxi 125 130 140 150 157 165 175 180 190 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 -25 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 GUARANTEED TRACEABILITY PRODUCTION OF ENAMEL Each batch of enamel is comprised of carefully selected and rigidly controlled raw materials, which are melted in a rotary furnace at approximately 1. 400°C. [. . . ] · On the other hand, specific equipment, either because of their calculation and/or operating conditions, which GENERAL CASE OF STANDARD VESSELS CALCULATED FROM -25°C TO +200°C EN 15159 NORM wHEN INTRODUCING THE THERMAL FLUID IN THE jACkET wHEN LOADING PRODUCT INTO THE VESSEL A B Thermal fluid T° not to exceed Product and wall T° Product T° not to exceed Thermal fluid and wall T° Example A If the product and the glass-lined wall are at 170°C, the fluid temperature should be between +30°C and +200°C. Example B If the glass-lined wall and the thermal fluid are at 20°C, products between -25°C and +165°C may be safely introduced. T° mini -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 T° maxi 120 125 135 145 155 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 -25 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 T° mini -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -5 5 20 30 45 60 75 T° maxi 125 130 140 150 157 165 175 180 190 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 -25 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 GUARANTEED TRACEABILITY PRODUCTION OF ENAMEL Each batch of enamel is comprised of carefully selected and rigidly controlled raw materials, which are melted in a rotary furnace at approximately 1. 400°C. The melted glass is then poured into water. This sudden tempering breaks the enamel into grains, which are dried and then ground and screened. [. . . ]