User manual GARMIN GPS 65

[. . . ] B Printed in Taiwan. i INTRODUCTION Cautions CAUTION The GPS system is operated by the United States government, which is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is subject to changes which could affect the accuracy and performance of all GPS equipment. Although the GARMIN GPS 165 is a precision electronic NAVigation AID (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted, and therefore become unsafe. To reduce the risk of unsafe operation, carefully review and understand all aspects of this Owner's Manual and Flight Manual Supplement, and thoroughly practice using the simulator mode prior to actual use. [. . . ] Use K and O to enter the desired distance and direction (R or L), from the leg. ET E FS NC OF TA DIS NE LA RP AI DEPARTURE WAYPOINT Parallel Track 5. Press E to accept. 56 It is important to note that offset navigation is only available on route navigation, not direct-to navigation. Offset navigation is NOT valid for IFR approach procedures. When offset navigation is activated, an `Offset nav in effect' message will be displayed, with the distance and direction noted on the route activation page for route 0. If you enter an offset which causes a leg to be reversed, you'll be informed with the message `Ofst too big for rte'. If you change the active route in any way, perform a direct-to, or re-activate the route, you'll be informed with an`Offset nav cancelled' message. Flying and Modifying the Active Route Once a route has been created and activated, the GPS 165 will provide navigation to each route waypoint through the active route and CDI pages. From the active route pages, you may create and modify the active route, and insert an approach, SID or STAR for your flight. The CDI page will display detailed navigation data on your progress to each route waypoint, and provide turn anticipation, waypoint arrival and next desired track information. By understanding the relationship between the active route and CDI pages and the role of the GPS SEQ switch, you'll be able to get the most out of the GPS 165's advanced route and approach features. Whenever the GPS 165 is navigating a direct-to, route or approach, the active route page will provide a list of the route waypoints in sequence, along with distance, time and course information. You may also create and edit a route directly from the active route page. Use O to highlight the waypoint you would like to delete from the active route. The next route waypoint (if available) will move up to take the position of the deleted waypoint. DIRECT-TO & ROUTE NAV On-Route Direct-To The active route page also allows you to select your next destination waypoint manually from the active route waypoint list and resume the remainder of the route in sequence. This procedure, referred to as an `on-route' direct-to, allows the pilot to fly the active route in a different sequence without editing the active route, approach, SID or STAR itself. For example, if you are flying a route with an armed approach, the GPS 165 will automatically provide the initial approach fix (IAF) for the selected approach as your `active to' waypoint. If you have been vectored directly to the final approach fix (bypassing the IAF), you can manually `skip ahead' to the final approach fix as your next active to waypoint. To perform an on-route direct-to from the active route page: 1. Press C and rotate O to highlight the desired waypoint. Press D, followed by E to confirm the `ok?' prompt on the waypoint confirmation page. Manually selecting the next active route waypoint. Confirming the on-route direct-to. The GPS 165 will now provide guidance to the direct-to waypoint with the CDI page, and resume navigating the remainder of the active route in sequence once you arrive at the direct-to destination. See Section 4 for more on approach navigation. CDI page with new destination waypoint. 59 DIRECT-TO & ROUTE NAV Turn Anticipation While the active route page offers the necessary functions for creating, monitoring and modifying the active route, the GPS 165's CDI page is used to provide turn anticipation, next desired track and waypoint arrival information to the pilot. The GPS 165's turn anticipation feature smooths out the transitions between adjacent legs based on a nominal bank angle of 15º, with the ability to roll up to 25º. If the turn angle and your present speed will require a bank angle that exceeds 25º, you'll be notified with a `Steep turn ahead' message approximately 90 seconds before arrival at the active to waypoint. If the leg transition is too short for a smooth transition, a `Leg not smoothed' message will appear, and the pilot should expect a rapid change in the CDI deflection. During route navigation, the GPS 165's turn anticipation feature will smooth out the transition between adjacent route legs by providing navigation along a curved path segment. This leg transition is based on the aircraft's actual ground speed and the difference between the course angle of the two legs. [. . . ] For more on turn anticipation, see pages 60-61 & 67. When does the CDI scale change, and what does it change to?Whenever an approach is selected and armed, the GPS 165 will begin a smooth CDI scale transition from the 5. 0 nm to the 0. 3 nm scale 30 nm from the destination airport (see right). The CDI scale will remain at the 0. 3 nm scale from the FAF to the MAP during the active approach. [. . . ]