User manual M-AUDIO SESSION KEYSTUDIO

[. . . ] Connect the M-Audio Micro USB Audio Interface. Getting Started Making Music with Session The KeyStudio Keyboard Key Names Octave Buttons Pitch Bend Wheel Modulation Wheel Volume Slider Sustain Pedal Jack Advanced KeyStudio Features in Edit Mode Advanced Functions in Edit Mode Octave Buttons Options 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 13 16 16 16 17 17 18 18 21 21 21 21 21 21 22 23 23 24 25 Other Assignable Controllers on KeyStudio The Modulation Wheel The Volume Slider MIDI Messages In-Depth Program & Bank Changes NRPN/RPNs Troubleshooting Useful MIDI-specific Troubleshooting Features All Notes Off Reset All Controllers Warranty Terms and Registration Warranty Terms Warranty Registration Technical Info Appendices - Useful MIDI Data Appendix A - General MIDI Instruments Appendix B - Standard MIDI Controller Numbers (MIDI CC's) Appendix C - Additional RPN Messages Session KeyStudio User Guide | 3 Introduction 1 Congratulations on your purchase of the M-Audio Session KeyStudio: a 49-note full size, velocity sensitive USB keyboard, audio interface, and software package designed for easy integration with your PC computer Ideal for a multitude of music creation applications, Session KeyStudio provides you with all you and your computer need to compose great music NOTE: Session KeyStudio is a software and hardware combination designed for Windows XP. However, the KeyStudio USB keyboard also works seamlessly on Apple computers that are qualified to run GarageBand. [. . . ] When used to control these functions, both lights above the buttons will remain on, regardless of the current setting of that function. The available functions of the octave buttons are: Octave Shift The Octave "<" and ">" buttons control octave shift by default However, if these keys have been programmed to control another function, you may wish to re-assign them to control octave shift once again To assign the Octave "<" and ">" buttons to control octave shift: 1 2 Press the Edit Mode button Press the black key above C1 (C#1), representing DATA = OCTAVE KeyStudio will exit Edit mode as soon as C#1 has been pressed · TheOCTAVE"+"and"-"Keys Another method of shifting KeyStudio's octaves is with the use of the black keys labeled OCTAVE "+, " "-, " and "0" on the Advanced Functions in Edit Mode diagram This octave shift method can be useful when the Octave buttons have been reassigned to control another MIDI function 1 Press the Edit Mode button 2 Press the black key below B2 (Bb2) In Edit mode, this key functions as "OCTAVE +, " shifting the keyboard up one octave It is possible to shift the keyboard up a total of four octaves 3 Press the black key above F2 (F#2) In Edit mode, this key functions as "OCTAVE -, " shifting the keyboard down one octave It is possible to shift the keyboard down a total of three octaves 4 Press the black key above G2 (G#2) In Edit mode, this key functions as "OCTAVE 0" to reset the octave shift to zero 5 When you have chosen your octave shift, either press C5 representing "ENTER, " or press the Edit Mode button to exit Edit mode Session KeyStudio User Guide Transpose | 14 In some cases it is useful to increase or decrease the transmitted pitch by a small number of semitones rather than a whole octave For example, you may be playing a song with a singer and the singer is having trouble hitting the high notes In this case, you can try reducing the pitch by one or more semitones This is achieved using a function called "Transpose " Transpose works similar to octave shift, except the shift is not limited to multiples of 12 semi-tones As with octave shift, there are two ways of transposing the keyboard When in Edit mode, you can assign the Octave "<" and ">" buttons to control the transpose feature Alternatively, you can use the black keys F#3, G#3, and Bb3 to shift the transposition These black keys represent "TRANSPOSE -, " "TRANSPOSE 0" and "TRANSPOSE +" respectively To assign the Octave "<" and ">" buttons to transpose: 1 Press the Edit Mode button 2 Press the black key above D1 (D#1), representing "DATA = TRANSPOSE " KeyStudio will exit Edit mode as soon as D#1 has been pressed When the Octave buttons are assigned to transpose the keyboard, the lights above the buttons indicate the direction of the transposition To return the keyboard's transpose shift to zero, press both the Octave "<" and ">" buttons at the same time Channel MIDI data from the keyboard can be sent on any of 16 MIDI channels KeyStudio's default is to transmit MIDI data on channel 1 However, certain MIDI performance or recording scenarios may require the keyboard to send data on a different channel You can change the channel on which data is sent using the following method: 1 Press the Edit Mode button 2 Press one of the 16 channel keys from D1 to E3, whichever one represents the channel you need KeyStudio will exit Edit mode as soon as a channel key has been pressed For example, if a device specifies that you need to send data on channel 10, press the Edit Mode button, and then F2 to select channel 10 This channel is usually dedicated to drum sounds when working with GM compatible synthesizers and sound modules The channel can also be assigned to the Octave "<" and ">" buttons by pressing the Edit Mode button and then C#2 This will allow the Octave "<" and ">" buttons to increment or decrement through the channels When channel 16 is reached and ">" is pressed, channel 1 will be selected If the Octave "<" and ">" keys are assigned to vary the channel, the lights above the buttons will not change, since it is not possible to have a channel with a negative value Pressing both the "<" and ">" buttons together will recall KeyStudio's default, channel 1 Session KeyStudio User Guide ProgramChange | 15 Program changes are used to change the instrument or voice you are controlling with your KeyStudio Program change messages are not needed when working with Session, but can be beneficial when using the KeyStudio keyboard to control MIDI sound modules or synthesizers For example, let's change the instrument on a General MIDI sound module to a cello sound To do this we need to send a program change of 42, which will select a cello sound from the General MIDI Instruments standard list (see Appendix A) There are two methods to send the program change: 1. Increment/DecrementProgramChange: 1 2 Press the Edit Mode button Press the black key above F1 (F#1) Now the Octave "<" and ">" keys can be used to change the program 2. QuickSelectProgramChange 1 2 3 Press the Edit Mode button Press the black key above F4 (F#4), representing "program " Press keys D4, then B3, then C5 This enters the combination: "4, " "2, " "ENTER " Now the keyboard is set to play the GM cello sound 42 (from the General MIDI Instruments standard list) The full list of General MIDI program numbers is given in Appendix A at the end of this manual Method 1 is useful if you want to cycle through different instruments for the purpose of comparing and choosing which sound works best in your song Method 2 is more useful if you want to select a specific sound patch, as is the case here If the Octave "<" and ">" buttons have been assigned to control the program number (Method 1), the lights above the buttons will not change, since it is not possible to have a program with a negative value Pressing both the "<" and ">" buttons together will recall Program 0, which selects the first sound patch on any synthesizer capable of processing MIDI program changes Bank LSB and Bank MSB Program changes are the most commonly used messages to change instruments and voices However, the number of instruments accessible using only the program change MIDI command is limited to 128 Since some devices have more than 128 voices, they require a method to organize their large number of sounds into banks These devices then access the sounds within these banks by using program change messages See chapter 11, "MIDI Messages Explained" for additional information Generally, these devices use Bank LSB (Least Significant Byte) and Bank MSB (Most Significant Byte) change messages KeyStudio can send these bank change messages in two possible ways*: 1. Incremental/DecrementalBankLSBandBankMSBChange: 1 2 Press the Edit Mode button Press the black key above G1 (G#1) or Bb1 (A#1) Now the Octave "<" and ">" keys can be used to change Bank LSB or Bank MSB 2. UsingtheQuickSelectMethod: 1 2 3 Press the Edit Mode button Press the black key above G4 (G#4), or Bb4 (A#4), representing Bank LSB or Bank MSB respectively Press keys C4, then B3 then C5 This enters the combination: "3, " "2, " "ENTER " As with Program changes, if the Octave "<" and ">" buttons are selected to vary the Bank LSB or MSB number (Method 1), the lights above the buttons will not change, since it is not possible to have a Bank with a negative value Pressing both the "<" and ">" buttons together will recall Bank 0 *Note: Bank change messages must be followed by a program change message in order to recall a sound. Bank change message by themselves do not activate a sound, but only locate and access a predefined location of a set (bank) of 128 sounds. Session KeyStudio User Guide | 16 Other Assignable Controllers on KeyStudio The Modulation Wheel 10 It is possible to assign different MIDI controller numbers to the Modulation wheel These parameters are called MIDI continuous controllers There are 132 (counting from and including zero to 131) MIDI continuous controllers (MIDI CC's) For these controller values to have any effect on the sound, the receiving software or device has to be able to read and respond to these MIDI controller messages KeyStudio accepts controller numbers 0-131 Numbers beyond 127 are a proprietary method M-Audio uses to simplify the transmission of certain, otherwise more complicated multi-part MIDI messages A full list of controller values is given at the back of this manual in Appendix B Some useful MIDI CC's are: < < < < 01 Modulation 07 Volume 10 Pan (balance) 05 Portamento To assign a MIDI controller message to the Modulation wheel: 1 Press the Edit Mode button 2 Press the black key above C4 (C#4), representing "WHEEL ASSIGN " 3 Use the Numerical Data Entry keys G3 ­ B4 to enter the number of the MIDI controller you want to assign to the Modulation wheel 4 Press the ENTER key (C5) 5 Move the Modulation wheel upwards to increase the value of the MIDI message sent If you make an error while entering the numerical data value, you can press the CANCEL key (C1) to exit Edit mode without changing the MIDI CC assigned to the Modulation wheel As an example, let's assign effect number 10 to the Modulation wheel This means the Modulation wheel will control Pan (or balance) To do this, we need to: 1 Press the Edit Mode button 2 Press the black key above C4 (C#4), representing "WHEEL ASSIGN " 3 Press A3 to enter "1 " 4 Press G3 to enter "0" so you have entered "10 " 5 Press C5 for "ENTER " The Volume Slider As with the Modulation wheel, the Volume slider can also be assigned to any of the 132 controllers (0-131) shown at the back of this manual To assign the Volume slider to a certain MIDI parameter: 1 2 3 4 Press the Edit Mode button Press the black key above D4 (D#4), representing "SLIDER ASSIGN " Use the Numerical Data Entry keys G3 ­ B4 to enter the number of the controller value you want to assign to the Volume slider Press the ENTER key (C5) If you make an error while entering the numerical data value, you can press the CANCEL key (C1) to exit Edit mode without changing the MIDI CC assigned to the Volume slider PLEASE NOTE: Each time the keyboard is turned off, optional MIDI parameters assigned to the Volume slider or Modulation wheel will be lost. Each time the keyboard is powered up, the Volume slider will default to being assigned to Volume (MIDI CC 07), and the Modulation wheel will default to being assigned to modulation (MIDI CC 01). Session KeyStudio User Guide | 1 7 MIDI Messages In-Depth 11 Program & Bank Changes When the MIDI standard was first established, it enabled the user to access only 128 different sounds using program change messages (0-127) As MIDI devices grew to be more sophisticated and contain more sounds, bank change messages were included in an updated MIDI specification to allow for more than 128 sounds to be accessed The language MIDI uses to communicate between musical instruments only allows for program change commands 0-127, for a total of 128 possible programs (127 programs + program "0" = 128 programs total) Because of inherent limitations of the MIDI communication protocol, the number of directly accessible programs (using program change messages) cannot easily be expanded beyond 128 Thus, a system of banks, with 128 sounds in each, has been created that enables manufacturers to overcome the 128-sound MIDI limit 128 Banks with 128 sounds in each bank is the basic principle used to expand the number of accessible sounds However, to avoid reaching the new limit of the resulting 16, 384 possible sounds (128 banks x 128 programs) accessible using a bank change combined with a program change, another layer of banks was added The result is a system of 128 banks that can contain 128 sub-banks in each of them, which, in turn, can contain 128 sounds (programs) within them Bank change messages are useful when calling up sounds from a large library that may exist in a particular sound module or software synth For example devices that are built with Roland's GS specification or Yamaha's XG specification require you to specify a bank change in order to access the extra voices and effects that these devices provide MIDI CC 0 is the bank select MSB (Most Significant Byte) message This MIDI message is 7-bit in size and can be used to select any of 128 banks This message can be used in conjunction with MIDI CC 32 which is bank select LSB (Least Significant Byte): a separate 7-bit message allowing additional selection of any of another 128 sub-banks The combination of Bank MSB and LSB messages gives a 14-bit message that can select any of a possible 16, 384 banks Each bank can in turn contain 128 possible sounds selected via a separate program change MIDI message This enables a user to theoretically recall over two million programs directly, using only MIDI commands However, most devices only use a few different banks, and you can often ignore the LSB message You will find many MIDI devices respond to program change commands and many are organized according to the GM listing In General MIDI devices, different sounds are organized in the same way from device to device Piano sounds are in their particular place, string sounds are in their place, drum sounds are in their place, and so on All GM devices (both hardware and software sound modules) are clearly labeled as such, so you know that their sounds are organized in the General MIDI structure When a GM device receives a MIDI program change, it calls up a type of sound that you expect from the GM sound set All non-GM MIDI sound modules call up unique sounds from their memory upon receiving MIDI program changes Since the sounds in a non-GM device are not arranged in a particular order, you need to take a look at the device itself to see which sound you want and at which location in the memory it resides Many VST instruments such as Native Instruments' FM7 or the synth modules in Propellerhead Reason are non-GM devices You can send program change, bank LSB and bank MSB messages directly from the KeyStudio keyboard Please consult the "Advanced KeyStudio Features in Edit Mode" section of this User Guide for further details Session KeyStudio User Guide | 18 NRPN/RPNs Non-registered parameter numbers (NRPN's) are device-specific messages that enable you to control synths and sound modules via MIDI The MIDI specification defines open parameter numbers to allow manufacturers to specify their own controllers The more common of these are registered by the MIDI Manufacturer's Association and are now part of the MIDI specification (hence the term Registered Parameter Numbers ­ RPN's) (See Appendix B) Each NRPN/RPN has an associated 2-byte number The two bytes allow for 128 values each (An RPN or NRPN message is made up of two parts: the MSB and the LSB message Both of these messages together constitute an RPN or NRPN command ) This allows for 16, 384 values in total MIDI controllers 98 and 99 represent the NRPN LSB and MSB respectively, while 100 and 101 represent the RPN LSB and MSB messages (see the MIDI controllers list in Appendix B) To transmit an NRPN/RPN message, these LSB and MSB controller messages are sent along with their user-specified values A further controller message and value needs to be sent to specify the (coarse or fine) value adjustment This is specified by controller number 6 (data entry) for coarse adjustments or number 38 for fine adjustments A list of NRPN's is usually given in the user's manual of any device that receives NRPN messages It is always necessary that the NRPN MSB and LSB be sent together Both will be specified in the device's manual Troubleshooting 12 Session KeyStudio has been tested in a wide range of systems and operating conditions However, there are virtually limitless numbers of operating scenarios, any of which could affect your system's performance Though this section cannot cover all possible situations you may encounter, we would like to offer some suggestions for dealing with possible problems If you are still not able to find the answer you are looking for, please feel free to contact M-Audio technical support for further assistance Problem1:MyKeyStudiokeyboardsuddenlystoppedworkingafterhavingperformedfinesinceinstallation. Solution1:Close any music applications you are using, switch the KeyStudio off, and restart your computer Once your computer has completely restarted, switch the KeyStudio back on Problem2:IhaveconnectedasustainpedaltomyM-Audiokeyboard, butitsfunctionisreversed. Solution2: The polarity of the sustain pedal is calculated by the keyboard when it is powered up On power up, the sustain pedal is assumed to be in the OFF position If you want the sustain pedal to be off when it is not pressed, make sure the pedal is not pressed when you power up Also check to see if there is a polarity switch on your foot pedal It is possible to use this switch to change foot pedal polarity as well Another way to reverse the sustain pedal's polarity is to keep it pushed while powering on your KeyStudio keyboard Problem3:WhenIpressakey, orattempttomonitormymicrophoneorinstrumentinput, thereisanoticeabledelaybeforeIhear anysound. Solution3: This delay is known as latency, and latency can be adjusted by changing the buffer size setting in your M-Audio Micro control panel The goal is to set the buffer size as low as possible without experiencing artifacts in the audio Faster computers generally allow for smaller buffer size settings, and thus less latency If there is a large delay between what you play on the keyboard, and what you hear from your virtual instrument in Session, click Options > Audio Hardware > ASIO Settings > Latency, and drag the slider downwards Session KeyStudio User Guide Problem4:IamattemptingtoplaybackaudiofromSession, andcannothearsoundfromtheMicroaudiointerface. | 19 Solution4: Make sure that your speakers or headphones are properly connected to the Micro, and not to your computer's built-in soundcard Check the Micro control panel to make sure the volume is turned up and it is not muted Open Session's Audio Hardware configuration dialog by choosing Options>Audio Hardware Make sure that the Driver Type is set to ASIO, the selected Wave Device is "ASIO: M-Audio USB ASIO" and the M-Audio Micro is selected in the Output Channel box Problem5:IamunabletoinputmonitorthroughSession. Solution5: Click the Input Active button, enabling the Input Active feature This allows you to play or sing through Session, otherwise known as input monitoring Depending on the proximity of your microphone or guitar to your speakers, and the volume setting of your speakers, there is potential for feedback (a loud, screeching noise) Be sure to turn your speaker volume down before pressing the Input Active button After pressing the Input Active button, gradually increase your speaker volume to a safe level Optionally, Session can press the Input Active button automatically for the selected Track This option is disabled by default to protect your ears and speakers To turn this option on, select Auto Input Monitor Selected Audio Track from the Track menu, located at the top of the Session window Another option for input monitoring is to raise the Monitor Mix slider in the Micro control panel This slider dictates how much of the Micro's input is sent directly to the Micro's output This is direct, near-zero latency monitoring that is not affected by buffer size The Micro control panel Monitor Mix option is accessed by clicking Options > Audio Hardware > ASIO Settings > Levels Problem6:Ihearaloudscreechingsoundaftercreatingorselectinganaudiotrack. Solution6:If you are using speakers, and your microphone is too close to the speakers, you may experience feedback To solve this issue, · Loweryourspeaker'svolume. · isableAutoInputMonitorSelectedAudioTrackfromtheTrackmenuintheMenubar. Ifyouchoosethisoption, makesureto D press this button when you need to monitor through the track In general, it is good practice to turn your speakers off while recording, and listen with headphones Problem7:Ihearcrackles, clicks, orpopswhenplayingorrecordingaudio. Solution7: Make sure that Session's Master Volume Control does not indicate clipping This control indicates clipping by drawing two red dots at the far right edge of the volume meter If you see clipping, move the Master Volume Control slider to the left If you hear crackles, clicks, pops, or other artifacts while recording or input monitoring through a track, lower your microphone or guitar signal until the track stops clipping Crackles, clicks, pops, or other artifacts also occur when your computer cannot keep up with the current task To solve this problem in Session, click Options > Audio Hardware > ASIO Settings > Latency, and drag the slider upwards Repeat this process if this problem continues Problem8:TheKeyStudiodoesnottriggersoundsinSession. Solution8: Go To Options > MIDI Hardware and make sure "USB Audio Device" or "KeyStudio In" is selected in the Input Port box Also make sure a track for keyboard playback and recording is selected Problem9:IcannotlocatetheKeyStudioUSBkeyboardinmysoftware'sMIDIdevicesdialogbox. Solution9: The KeyStudio requires a powered USB port Try plugging the KeyStudio into a different USB port or powered USB hub connected to your computer Session KeyStudio User Guide | 20 Problem10:MysynthesizeralwaysrecallsthesoundnexttotheprogramnumberthatIhavesenttoitfromtheKeyStudio. For example, ifIsendaprogramchangewiththenumber40(Violin), mysoftwareloadssoundnumber41(Viola). [. . . ] All other trademarks contained herein are the property of their respective owners. Session KeyStudio User Guide | 23 Appendices - Useful MIDI Data Appendix A - General MIDI Instruments 16 PLEASE NOTE: The following table lists all General MIDI patch names using numbers from 0 ­ 127. Be advised that some GM modules count their sound patches from 1 ­ 128 instead. As a result, and depending on the sound module you use, there may be an offset of -1 between the sent program change number and the recalled sound patch. Piano 0 Acoustic Grand Piano 1 Bright Acoustic Piano 2 Electric Grand Piano 3 Honky Tonk Piano 4 Electric Piano 1 5 Electric Piano 2 6 Harpsichord 7 Clavinet ChromaticPercussion 8 Celesta 9 Glockenspiel 10 Music Box 11 Vibraphone 12 Marimba 13 Xylophone 14 Tubular bells 15 Dulcimer Organ 16 Drawbar Organ 17 Percussive Organ 18 Rock Organ 19 Church Organ 20 Reed Organ 21 Accordion 22 Harmonica 23 Tango Accordion Guitar 24 Nylon Acoustic 25 Steel Acoustic 26 Jazz Electric 27 Clean Electric 28 Muted Electric 29 Overdrive 30 Distorted 31 Harmonics Bass 32 Acoustic Bass 33 Electric Fingered Bass 34 Electric Picked Bass 35 Fretless Bass 36 Slap Bass 1 37 Slap Bass 2 38 Syn Bass 1 39 Syn Bass 2 Strings/ Orchestra 40 Violin 41 Viola 42 Cello 43 Contrabass 44 Tremolo Strings 45 Pizzicato Strings 46 Orchestral Harp 47 Timpani Ensemble 48 String Ensemble 1 49 String Ensemble 2 (Slow) 50 Syn Strings 1 51 Syn Strings 2 52 Choir Aahs 53 Voice Oohs 54 Syn Choir 55 Orchestral Hit Brass 56 Trumpet 57 Trombone 58 Tuba 59 Muted Trumpet 60 French Horn 61 Brass Section 62 Syn Brass 1 63 Syn Brass 2 Reed 64 Soprano Sax 65 Alto Sax 66 Tenor Sax 67 Baritone Sax 68 Oboe 69 English Horn 70 Bassoon 71 Clarinet Pipe 72 Piccolo 73 Flute 74 Recorder 75 Pan Flute 76 Bottle Blow 77 Shakuhachi 78 Whistle 79 Ocarina SynthLead 80 Syn Square Wave 81 Syn Sawtooth Wave 82 Syn Calliope 83 Syn Chiff 84 Syn Charang 85 Syn Voice 86 Syn Fifths Sawtooth Wave 87 Syn Brass & Lead SynthPad 88 New Age Syn Pad 89 Warm Syn Pad 90 Polysynth Syn Pad 91 Choir Syn Pad 92 Bowed Syn Pad 93 Metal Syn Pad 94 Halo Syn Pad 95 Sweep Syn Pad SynthEffects 96 SFX Rain 97 SFX Soundtrack 98 SFX Crystal 99 SFX Atmosphere 100 SFX Brightness 101 SFX Goblins 102 SFX Echoes 103 SFX Sci- Fi Ethnic 104 Sitar 105 Banjo 106 Shamisen 107 Koto 108 Kalimba 109 Bag Pipe 110 Fiddle 111 Shanai Percussive 112 Tinkle Bell 113 Agogo 114 Steel Drums 115 Woodblock 116 Taiko Drum 117 Melodic Tom 118 Syn Drum 119 Reverse Cymbal SoundEffects 120 Guitar Fret Noise 121 Breath Noise 122 Seashore 123 Bird Tweet 124 Telephone Ring 125 Helicopter 126 Applause 127 Gun Shot Session KeyStudio User Guide | 24 Appendix B - Standard MIDI Controller Numbers (MIDI CC's) 00 Bank Select 01 Modulation 02 Breath Control 03 Controller 3 04 Foot Control 05 Porta Time 06 Data Entry 07 Channel Volume 08 Balance 09 Controller 9 10 Pan 11 Expression 12 Effects Controller 1 13 Effects Controller 2 14 Controller 14 15 Controller 15 16 Gen Purpose 1 17 Gen Purpose 2 18 Gen Purpose 3 19 Gen Purpose 4 20 Controller 20 21 Controller 21 22 Controller 22 23 Controller 23 24 Controller 24 25 Controller 25 26 Controller 26 27 Controller 27 28 Controller 28 29 Controller 29 30 Controller 30 31 Controller 31 32 Bank Select LSB 33 Modulation LSB 34 Breath Control LSB 35 Controller 35 36 Foot Control LSB 37 Porta Time LSB 38 Data Entry LSB 39 Channel Volume LSB 40 Balance LSB 41 Controller 41 42 Pan LSB 43 Expression LSB 44 Controller 44 45 Controller 45 46 Controller 46 47 Controller 47 48 Gen Purpose 1 LSB 49 Gen Purpose 2 LSB 50 Gen Purpose 3 LSB 51 Gen Purpose 4 LSB 52 Controller 52 53 Controller 53 54 Controller 54 55 Controller 55 56 Controller 56 57 Controller 57 58 Controller 58 59 Controller 59 60 Controller 60 61 Controller 61 62 Controller 62 63 Controller 63 64 Sustain Pedal 65 Portamento 66 Sostenuto 67 Soft Pedal 68 Legato Pedal 69 Hold 2 70 Sound Variation 71 Resonance 72 Release Time 73 Attack Time 74 Cut- off Frequency 75 Controller 75 76 Controller 76 77 Controller 77 78 Controller 78 79 Controller 79 80 Gen Purpose 5 81 Gen Purpose 6 82 Gen Purpose 7 83 Gen Purpose 8 84 Portamento Control 85 Controller 85 86 Controller 86 87 Controller 87 88 Controller 88 89 Controller 89 90 Controller 90 91 Reverb Depth 92 Tremelo Depth 93 Chorus Depth 94 Celeste (De- tune) 95 Phaser Depth 96 Data Increment 97 Data Decrement 98 Non- Reg Param LSB 99 Non- Reg Param MSB 100 Reg Param LSB 101 Reg Param MSB 102 Controller 102 103 Controller 103 104 Controller 104 105 Controller 105 106 Controller 106 107 Controller 107 108 Controller 108 109 Controller 109 110 Controller 110 111 Controller 111 112 Controller 112 113 Controller 113 114 Controller 114 115 Controller 115 116 Controller 116 117 Controller 117 118 Controller 118 119 Controller 119 ChannelModeMessages: 120 All Sound off 121 Reset all Controllers 122 Local Control 123 All Notes Off 124 Omni Off 125 Omni On 126 Mono On (Poly Off) 127 Poly On (Mono Off) ExtraRPNMessages: 128 Pitch Bend sensitivity 129 Fine Tune 130 Coarse Tune 131 Channel Pressure Session KeyStudio User Guide | 25 Appendix C - Additional RPN Messages You may have noticed that although we have stated there are 128 MIDI controller messages (0 ­ 127), Appendix B shows 132 assignable controller messages This is because messages 128 ­ 131 are a different type of MIDI message, defined in the MIDI Specification as RPN messages M-Audio has created four messages that are sent like MIDI CCs, but actually transmit a series of RPN messages This makes sending these complex multi-part messages as easy as sending a MIDI CC message You can assign these to the controls on your KeyStudio keyboard in exactly the same way as any other MIDI controller message The RPN messages control the following: ControllerNumber 128 129 130 131 MIDI Message Pitch Bend Sensitivity Master Tune (coarse) Master Tune (fine) Monophonic Aftertouch* Use Alters the range of a pitch bend message Adjusts the tuning of your sound module or synthesizer in large steps Adjusts the tuning of your sound module or synthesizer in small steps Adds a vibrato effect *Monophonic aftertouch is not an RPN message However, it is an additional effect message defined in the General MIDI specification and this is why we have included it in Appendix C M-Audio USA 5795 Martin Rd. , Irwindale, CA 91706 M-Audio Germany Technical Support Kuhallmand 34, D-74613 Ohringen, Germany Technical Support web: tel (pro products): tel (consumer products): fax (shipping): www. m-audio. com/tech (626) 633-9055 (626) 633-9066 (626) 633-9032 e-mail: tel fax: support@m-audio. de +49 (0)7941 - 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