User manual MATLAB SIGNAL PROCESSING TOOLBOX 6

[. . . ] Signal Processing ToolboxTM 6 User's Guide How to Contact The MathWorks Web Newsgroup www. mathworks. com/contact_TS. html Technical Support www. mathworks. com comp. soft-sys. matlab suggest@mathworks. com bugs@mathworks. com doc@mathworks. com service@mathworks. com info@mathworks. com Product enhancement suggestions Bug reports Documentation error reports Order status, license renewals, passcodes Sales, pricing, and general information 508-647-7000 (Phone) 508-647-7001 (Fax) The MathWorks, Inc. 3 Apple Hill Drive Natick, MA 01760-2098 For contact information about worldwide offices, see the MathWorks Web site. Signal Processing ToolboxTM User's Guide © COPYRIGHT 1988­2010 by The MathWorks, Inc. The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement. The software may be used or copied only under the terms of the license agreement. [. . . ] Clearing this option removes the scaling. This parameter applies only to IIR filters. Design Options The options for each design are specific for each design method. This section does not present all of the available options for all designs and design methods. There are many more that you encounter as you select 12-354 filterbuilder different design methods and filter specifications. The following options represent some of the most common ones available. Density factor Density factor controls the density of the frequency grid over which the design method optimization evaluates your filter response function. The number of equally spaced points in the grid is the value you enter for Density factor times (filter order + 1). Increasing the value creates a filter that more closely approximates an ideal equiripple filter but increases the time required to design the filter. The default value of 20 represents a reasonable trade between the accurate approximation to the ideal filter and the time to design the filter. Minimum phase To design a filter that is minimum phase, select Minimum phase. Clearing the Minimum phase option removes the phase constraint--the resulting design is not minimum phase. Minimum order When you select this parameter, the design method determines and design the minimum order filter to meet your specifications. Some filters do not provide this parameter. Select Any, Even, or Odd from the drop-down list to direct the design to be any minimum order, or minimum even order, or minimum odd order. Note Generally, Minimum order designs are not available for IIR filters. Match Exactly Specifies that the resulting filter design matches either the passband or stopband or both bands when you select passband or stopband or both from the drop-down list. 12-355 filterbuilder Stopband Shape Stopband shape lets you specify how the stopband changes with increasing frequency. Choose one of the following options: · Flat -- Specifies that the stopband is flat. The attenuation does not change as the frequency increases. · Linear -- Specifies that the stopband attenuation changes linearly as the frequency increases. Change the slope of the stopband by setting Stopband decay. · 1/f -- Specifies that the stopband attenuation changes exponentially as the frequency increases, where f is the frequency. [. . . ] See frequency modulation freqs function 12-501 frequency analog A-1 angular 2-2 center 2-46 cutoff 2-44 demodulation 12-129 digital A-1 estimation 6-43 modulation 12-620 normalization 2-2 Nyquist A-1 prewarping 12-22 spectrogram 12-873 vectors 2-27 frequency domain duality with time-domain 1-10 filters 1-10 FIR filtering 1-10 lowpass to bandpass transformation 12-599 lowpass to bandstop transformation 12-602 lowpass to highpass transformation 12-604 transformation functions 2-44 frequency domain based modeling. See parametric modeling frequency modulation 12-621 frequency response 1-14 Bessel filters 2-12 Butterworth filters 2-9 Chebyshev Type I filters 2-10 Chebyshev Type II filters 2-11 elliptic filters 2-12 error minimization 2-24 evaluating 1-14 example 1-15 inverse 12-576 Kaiser window 7-11 linear phase 2-18 magnitude 1-17 monotonic 2-9 multiband 2-14 phase 1-17 plotting 1-15 sampling frequency 1-14 freqz function 12-508 sampling frequencies 1-14 freqz method 12-147 From Disk radio button 8-37 FVTool SOS view settings 12-521 fvtool GUI 12-513 fwht function 12-533 G gauspuls function 12-535 Gauss-Newton method analog domain 12-578 discrete domain 12-582 Index-10 Index gaussfir 12-537 Gaussian monopulse 12-541 gausswin Gaussian window function 12-539 generalized Butterworth filters 2-15 generalized cosine windows 7-7 generalized filters 2-6 generate method 12-756 Gibbs effect 2-21 reduced by window 7-2 gmonopuls function 12-541 GMSK 12-537 group delay 1-18 comparison to phase delay 2-19 example 1-19 grpdelay function 12-547 passband 2-12 grpdelay function 12-547 example 1-19 grpdelay method 12-147 elliptic 12-252 elliptic order 12-260 FIR 12-463 FIR example 2-23 lowpass transformation 12-604 hilbert transform function 12-556 analytic signals 2-29 description 7-44 example 2-29 using firls 12-479 using firpm 12-486 homomorphic systems 7-28 I icceps function 12-559 example 7-31 idct function 12-560 H Hadamard transform 7-45 See also Walsh transform halfrange method 12-229 hamming window function 12-552 comparison to boxcar 6-18 comparison to Hann 7-7 example 2-21 hann window function 12-554 comparison to Hamming 7-7 hanning. See hann window function highpass filters Butterworth analog 12-48 Butterworth digital 12-46 Butterworth order 12-54 Chebyshev Type I 12-87 Chebyshev Type I order 12-75 Chebyshev Type II 12-95 Chebyshev Type II order 12-81 example 7-42 ideal lowpass filters 2-20 See also lowpass filters ifft function example 1-37 ifft2 function example 1-37 ifwht function 12-561 IIR filters 2-5 analog prototype 2-7 Bessel 2-12 Butterworth 2-9 Chebyshev Type I 2-10 Chebyshev Type II 2-11 comparison 2-9 comparison to FIR 2-4 design 2-4 elliptic 2-12 Filter Designer GUI 8-48 frequency domain implementation 1-10 frequency response 2-14 generalized Butterworth 2-15 Index-11 Index lattice/ladder 1-29 Levinson-Durbin recursion 12-597 maximally flat 2-15 multiband 2-14 order estimation 2-8 plotting responses 2-13 specifications 2-8 Steiglitz-McBride iteration 12-940 Yule-Walker example 2-14 yulewalk function 12-1014 zero-phase implementation 1-9 See also direct design image processing 1-37 impinvar function 12-563 Import dialog box sptool from disk 8-37 sptool from workspace 8-18 impulse invariance 12-563 example 2-47 impulse response 1-12 ideal 2-20 impulse invariance 2-47 impz function 12-566 impz function 12-566 impz method 12-147 impzlength method 12-147 indexing 1-3 inf-norm 12-447 info method dfilt function 12-147 sigwin function 12-756 initial conditions example 1-6 using dfilt states 12-153 using filtfilt function 1-10 using filtic function 12-453 instantaneous attributes 7-45 interpolation bandlimited 12-863 FIR filters 12-573 interp function 12-570 interval notation A-1 intfilt function 12-573 inverse cepstrum, complex 7-31 inverse discrete cosine transforms 12-560 accuracy of signal reconstruction 7-43 inverse discrete Fourier transforms 1-35 example 1-35 matrices 12-211 two-dimensional 1-37 inverse fast Walsh-Hadamard transform 12-561 inverse filters analog 12-576 discrete 12-580 inverse Walsh-Hadamard transform 12-561 inverse-sine parameters transformations from reflection coefficients 12-583 transformations to reflection coefficients 12-724 invfreqs function 12-576 example 7-21 invfreqz function 12-580 example 7-21 is2rc function 12-583 isallpass method 12-148 iscascade method 12-148 isfir method 12-148 islinphase method 12-148 ismaxphase method 12-148 isminphase method 12-148 isparallel method 12-148 isreal method 12-148 isscalar method 12-148 issos method 12-148 isstable method 12-148 K kaiser window function 12-584 Index-12 Index discussion 7-10 example 6-20 FIR filters 7-12 kaiserord function 12-586 L ladder filters. See lattice/ladder filters Lagrange interpolation filter 12-573 Laplace transforms 1-32 lar2rc function 12-593 latc2tf function 12-594 example 1-31 latcfilt function 12-595 example 1-10 lattice/ladder filters 1-29 implementation 1-29 latcfilt function 1-31 Schur algorithm 12-746 transfer functions conversions 12-948 least squares method FIR 12-478 levinson function 12-597 example 7-17 parametric modeling 7-17 line drawing in FDATool 5-19 line spectral frequencies transformation from prediction polynomial 12-691 transformation to prediction polynomial 12-612 line style 8-45 linear models. [. . . ]