User manual NIKON MICRO-NIKKOR 55MM F-2.8

[. . . ] 8 focuses continuously from infinity down to a reproduction ratio of 1:2 with the lens focusing, ring And by attaching the optional PK-13 Ring or TC-201 Teleconverter, it goes from 1/2 reproduction ratio down to 1:1 (lifesize). The lens offers "automatic maximum aperture indexing" (AI) with suitably equipped cameras via the meter coupling ridge provided (except the CPU type cameras without meter coupling levers such as the F80-series/N80-series , F60/N60 , F50/N50 ). The ridge and the auto diaphragm function together permit full aperture exposure measurement; the lens is also fitted with a meter coupling shoe to permit the same operation with Nikon cameras which lack the AI facility. An "aperture-directreadout" scale is engraved on the lens to allow direct reading of the aperture aetting in suitably equipped camera finders. [. . . ] Also, do not store in direct sunlight, and keep it away from naphthalene or camphor. Reinforced plastic is used for some parts of the lens exterior; to avoid damage, never leave the lens in an excessively hot place. 8 :6 elements in 5 groups; modified Gauss-type front lens group and rear lens groups as divergent lens system :43 :Graduated in meters and feet from 0. Thanks to its fully automatic diaphragm, the Micro-Nikkor can be focused with maximum image brightness on the screen throughout the entire focusing range. The depth of field is also minimized at maximum aperture, so that the image snaps in and out of focus rapidly and distinctly. To focus, turn the focusing ring until the image on the focusing screen appears sharp and crisp. Thanks to the internal duel-helical system, the MicroNikkor focuses continuously from infinity to 9-13/16 inches (25cm) at a reproduction ratio of 1:2. When non-TTL meter is used At close ranges (reproduction ratios greater than 1:10), the amount of light reaching the film decreases as the lens-to-film distance increases. When non-TTL measurement is used in these cases, photographs will be underexposed unless you have compensated for this decrease. 8 lens is used with the Nikkormat or Photomic TTL meter, compensation is not necessary since the meter will give accurate readings of the amount of light reaching the film. ) The table below give the exposure factors (compensation values) with exposure increases in f/stops for non-TTL exposure measurement at reproduction ratios greater than 1:10. To calculate the necessary corrections in shutter speed rather than in aperture value, multiply a given exposure factor by the exposure time. For instance, if the normal exposure at a 1:1 reproduction ratio is 1/8 second, the correct shutter speed is 1/8 x 4 = 1/2 second. The following formula is used to calculate the exposure factor: Exposure factor = (1 + R)2 where R = Reproduction retio No reproduction in any form of this manual, in whole or in part (except for brief quotation in critical articles or reviews), may be made without written authorization from NIKON CORPORATION. Depth of field refers to the zone of acceptable focus in front of and behind the area of sharpest focus in your shot. At high reproduction ratios, depth of field is extremely shallow; it's best, therefore, to preview before actual shooting. One way to do this is to press the depthof-field button on your camera and the lens will close to the preselected aperture, showing you how much background and foreground is in focus. Another way is to read the color-coded indicators inscribed on the lens barrel. The pairs of colored lines on either side of the white indicator line correspond to the f/numbers of the same color on the aperture scale. At close distances, however, so little is in focus that it may be more useful to check the depth-of-field tables on the verso. [. . . ] The first values are for the PK-1 or PK-11A ring used alone and the second ones for three rings (PK-1­PK-3 or PK-11A­PK-13) used together. = Acceptable focusing The in-focus image in the central circular area may prove to be slightly out of focus on the film. When using screens other than type B or E, "Other screen" must be selected even when the required compensation value is "0" (no compensatio required). See instruction manual of the camera body for more details. [. . . ]