User manual NIKON SD-8A

[. . . ] 11 Frame counter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Self-timer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Unloading film. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Holding the camera. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Shutter release operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Operation via cable release. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Focusing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Infrared photography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Film-planeindicator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Depth of field. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Depth-of-field preview lever. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Depth-of-field indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Exposure measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Determining degree of exposure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Exposure control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Metering range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Extreme low-light metering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Time exposure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Eyepiece shutter operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 High-contrast lighting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Stop-down exposure measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Exposure compensation adjustment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Adjustment for focusing screens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Adjustment for film compensation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Multiple exposures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Mirror lockup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Flash synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Ready-light. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Finder illuminator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Tips on camera care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Changing the lens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Coupling lever lock/release operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Changing the view finder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Changing the focusing screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Focusing screen selector guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Focusing screen selector chart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Accessories. [. . . ] With this in mind, it's easy to see that if a correct exposure for a scene is 1/125 at f/11, then 1/60 at f/16 or 1/250 at f/8 will be equally acceptable. The best combination for your needs will depend on the results desired. Use fast shutter speeds to freeze motion, or use slow speeds to produce deliberate and creative blur. Small apertures give greater depth of field, while large apertures restrict sharp focus to the main subject. The creative selection of both speeds and apertures will greatly enhance your photography. Metering Range If the center "correct exposure" LED fails to illuminate, even after all possible lens-aperture/shutter-speed combinations have been tried, then the available light is too bright or too dim for the meter's range. To correct this situation, several measures may be taken, as follows: Switch to a new film (either higher or lower ASA) that more closely matches the available light; mount a neutral density filter on the lens to decrease the light reaching the film plane; or use artificial lighting (i. e. , an electronic flash unit) to increase subject illumination. Remember, too, that the lens in use can greatly influence suitability for bright or dim shooting. For example, a 50mm f/ 1. 4 lens (with ASA 100 film) couples from EV--2 (f/1. 4 at 8 seconds) to EV 17 (f/8 at 1/2000 second) for excellent lowlight performance; on the other hand, a 200mm f/4 lens proves more usable at bright-light levels, coupling (with ASA 100 film) from EV 1 (f/4 at 8 seconds) to EV 20 (f/22 at 1/2000). Thus, choose the lens carefully to match the existing lighting conditions. 24 WWW. LENSINC. NET Extreme Low-Light Metering The meter built into the Nikon F2AS camera is capable of metering low-light levels requiring slow shutter speeds of up to 10 seconds. To meter at low-light levels, perform the following: Set the lens' aperture ring to the desired aperture setting, and the shutter-speed selector to "B"; then, depress and hold the shutter-speed dial lock and turn the selector until the center LED exposure indicator (o) illuminates to indicate correct exposure. Having set the selector, read off the number on the extralong exposure scale and set the camera's self-timer for the indicated value; then, set the T-L fingerguard to "T" and depress the shutter button to make the exposure. This technique is also suitable for photography using a telescope or microscope. For bellows units, extension rings and preset lenses, set the camera to the desired shutter speed; then, stop down the lens manually until the center LED indicator comes on. Preset-type lenses include PC-Nikkor lenses. 29 WWW. LENSINC. NET EXPOSURE COMPENSATION ADJUSTMENT Adjustments for Focusing Screens Light transmission properties vary somewhat with focusing screen type, thus occasionally requiring exposure correction to compensate for the combined effects of the lens/screen combination in use. The numbers listed in various blocks of the table on the opposite page denote the amount of correction necessary in f/stops. To adjust the camera's finder for the indicated f/stop correction, lift and turn the ASA film-speed index ring until the ASA value for the film in use is aligned with the appropriate mark engraved on the ring. In the example figure shown, ASA 100 is aligned with the--1/2 mark to provide the correction required when using the Type C screen with the Nikon F2AS Photomic camera and the FisheyeNikkor 6mm f/2. 8 lens, as indicated in the table. (When "O" is indicated in the table, no compensation is requ ired. ) = Exposure measurement via full-aperture method. = Exposure measurement via stop-down method. = Exposure measurement not possible; lens/screen combination permits only focusing operation. Blank space indicates lens/screen combination cannot be used. 30 WWW. LENSINC. NET Lens Fisheye Screens 6mm F2. 8 8mm F2. 8 16mm F3. 5 13mm F5. 6 15mm F5. 6 18mm F4 20mm F4 24mm F2 24mm F2. 8 28mm F2 28mm F2. 8 28mm F3. 5 35mm F1. 4 35mm F2 35mm F2. 8 50mm F1. 4 50mm F2 55mm F1. 2 85mm F1. 8 85mm F2 105mm F2. 5 135mm F2 135mm F2. 8 135mm F3. 5 180mm F2. 8 200mm F4 300mm F4. 5 ED 300mm F4. 5 400mm F4. 5 *ED 400mm F3. 5 ED 400mm F5. 6 600mm F5. 6 *ED 600mm F5. 6 Ed 600mm F5. 6 800mm F8 ED 800mm F8 1200mm F11 ED1200mm F11 28~45mm F4. 5 43~86mm F3. 5 50~300mm F4. 5 ED50~300mm F4. 5 80~200mm F4. 5 ED180~600mm F8 200~600mm F9. 5 ED360~1200mm F11 28mm F4 35mm F2. 8 45mm F2. 8 58mm F1. 2 55mm F3. 5 105mm F4 200mm F5. 6 500mm F8 1000mm F11 2000mm F11 A/L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C -1/2 -1/2 D -1/2 -1/2 E 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G1 -1/2 -1/2 -1/2 -11/2 -1 +1/2 0 -1/2 +1/2 0 +1/2 G2 0 0 -1 -1 0 0 +1/2 0 +1/2 +1/2 +1/2 +1/2 0 +1/2 +1/2 0 +1/2 0 -1 G3 G4 H1 0 0 0 -1 -1/2 +1/2 +1/2 +1/2 +1/2 0 +1/2 +1/2 +1/2 +1/2 +1/2 +1/2 +1/2 H2 0 0 -1/2 -1/2 0 0 +1/2 0 +1/2 +1/2 0 +1/2 +1/2 0 +1/2 +1/2 +1/2 +1/2 +1/2 0 0 -1/2 -2 -1 1/2 H3 0 H4 J 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 K/P 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M R 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wideangle Normal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 1/2 -1 1/2 -1 -1 -1/2 0 -1 -1/2 0 0 -1 -1/2 -1/2 Telephoto -1/2 -1 -2 -1 -1 -1/2 -1 1/2 -1 1/2 -1 -1/2 0 Zoom 0 0 0 0 0 0 PC GN Noct Micro Medical Reflex Telephoto 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * Internal focusing type 31 WWW. LENSINC. NET EXPOSURE COMPENSATION ADJUSTMENT-continued Ad justments for Film Compensation Some exposure correction may be necessary when certain types of films are used for copying or photomicrography applications; the amount of correction required, however, will depend on the type of film and the specific application. The following table lists the exposure corrections in Estops required for various film/shooting requirements. [. . . ] But the image on film shows no traces of this. = Acceptable Incompatible with any lens having a maximum aperture larger than f/2. 8 since this decreases the efficiency and accuracy of the screen rangefinder. The infocus image in the central spot may prove to be slightly out of focus on film. Focus on the surrounding matte area. Lens Fisheye Screens A/L B C D E G1 G2 G3 G4 H1 H2 H3 H4 J K/P M R Wideangle Normal Telephoto Zoom PC GN Noct Micro Medical Reflex Telephoto 6mm F2. 8 8mm F2. 8 16mm F3. 5 13mm F5. 6 15mm F5. 6 18mm F4 20mm F4 24mm F2 24mm F2. 8 28mm F2 28mm F2. 8 28mm F3. 5 35mm F1. 4 35mm F2 35mm F2. 8 50mm F1. 4 50mm F2 55mm F1. 2 85mm F1. 8 85mm F2 105mm F2. 5 135mm F2 135mm F2. 8 135mm F3. 5 180mm F2. 8 200mm F4 300mm F4. 5 ED 300mm F4. 5 400mm F4. 5 *ED 400mm F3. 5 ED 400mm F5. 6 600mm F5. 6 *ED 600mm F5. 6 Ed 600mm F5. 6 800mm F8 ED 800mm F8 1200mm F11 ED1200mm F11 28~45mm F4. 5 43~86mm F3. 5 50~300mm F4. 5 ED50~300mm F4. 5 80~200mm F4. 5 ED180~600mm F8 200~600mm F9. 5 ED360~1200mm F11 28mm F4 35mm F2. 8 45mm F2. 8 58mm F1. 2 55mm F3. 5 105mm F4 200mm F5. 6 500mm F8 1000mm F11 2000mm F11 Caution: The rear surface of the screen is made of acryl resin. [. . . ]