User manual ROLAND BX-400

[. . . ] Program numbers not in the above table are ignored. After a Program Change message is received, the sound will change beginning with the next Note-on. Voices already sounding when the Program Change message was received will not be affected. When the program change is received through the basic channel, the tone of this channel part and the tone selected by the panel shall be changed to the designated tone. n = MIDI channel number: 0H-FH (ch. 1-ch. 16) * When All Notes Off is received, all notes on the corresponding channel will be turned off. [. . . ] Reset value 127 (max) 0 (off) unset; previously set data will not change Controller Expression Hold 1 RPN F0H: System Exclusive Message status ii = ID number: an ID number (manufacturer ID) to indicate the manufacturer whose Exclusive message this is. ID numbers 7EH and 7FH are extensions of the MIDI standard; Universal Non-realtime Messages (7EH) and Universal Realtime Messages (7FH). dd, . . . , ee = data: 00H-7FH (0-127) F7H: EOX (End Of Exclusive) The System Exclusive Messages received by the BX-400 are; Universal Non-realtime System Exclusive messages, and Data Set (DT1). qLocal Control Status BnH BnH 2nd byte 7BH 7AH 3rd byte 00H vvH n=MIDI channel number: 0H - FH (ch. 1 - ch. 16) vv=Value: 00H, 7FH (0, 127) 0=OFF 127=ON 2 qUniversal Non-realtime System Exclusive Messages rIdentity Request Message Status F0H Byte FOH 7FH dev 06H 01H F7H * * Data byte Status 7FH, dev, 06H, 01H F7H Explanation Exclusive status ID number (universal non-realtime message) Device ID (dev: UNIT#-1) Sub ID#1 (General Information) Sub ID#2 (Identity Request) EOX (End Of Exclusive) qControl Change * The value specified by a Control Change message will not be reset even by a Program Change, etc. rData Entry (Controller number 6, 38) Status BnH BnH 2nd byte 06H 26H 3rd byte mmH llH n = MIDI channel number: 0H-FH (ch. 1-ch. 16) mm, ll = the value of the parameter specified by RPN * Data Entry is sent through the basic channel. The "dev" is own device number (UNIT#-1) or 7FH (Broadcast). UNIT# is always the same as the current basic channel. rHold 1 (Controller number 64) Status BnH 2nd byte 40H 3rd byte vvH qData transmission BX-400 can transmit and receive the various parameters using System Exclusive messages. The exclusive message of BX-400 data has a model ID of 1AH, and device ID is defined by MIDI UNIT NUMBER. UNIT NUMBER is always the same as the current basic channel. n = MIDI channel number: 0H-FH (ch. 1-ch. 16) vv = Control value: 00H, 7FH (0, 127) 0 = OFF, 127 = ON rRPN MSB/LSB (Controller number 100, 101) Status BnH BnH 2nd byte 65H 64H 3rd byte mmH llH rData set 1 (DT1) This is the message that actually performs data transmission, and is used when you wish to transmit the data. Status F0H Byte F0H 41H dev 1AH 12H aaH bbH ccH sum F7H * * * Data byte 41H, dev, 1AH, 12H, aaH, bbH, ccH, sum Status F7H n = MIDI channel number: 0H-FH (ch. 1-ch. 16) mm = upper byte of parameter number specified by RPN ll = lower byte of parameter number specified by RPN * RPN is sent through the basic channel. Explanation Exclusive status ID number (Roland) Device ID (dev: UNIT#-1) Model ID (BX-400) Command ID (DT1) Address MSB: upper byte of the starting address of the transmitted data Address LSB: lower byte of the starting address of the transmitted data Data: the actual data to be transmitted. Checksum EOX (End Of Exclusive) **RPN** BX-400 can transmit Master fine tuning (RPN #1) and RPN null. After sending the master fine tune, immediately the RPN Null shall be sent. RPN MSB LSB 00H 01H 7FH 7FH Data entry MSB LSB mmH llH --- --- Explanation Master Fine Tuning mm, ll: 20 00H - 40 00H - 5F 7FH (-50 - 0 - +49. 99 cents) RPN null qProgram Change Status CnH 2nd byte ppH If "Data Set 1" is transmitted successively, there must be an interval of at least 40 ms between packets. Regarding the address please refer to section 3 (Parameter Address Map). Thus, the above messages have the following meaning. B3 64 00 (B3) 65 01 (B3) 06 40 (B3) 26 00 (B3) 64 7F (B3) 65 7F MIDI ch. 4, lower byte of RPN parameter number: 00H (MIDI ch. 4) upper byte of RPN parameter number: 01H (MIDI ch. 4) upper byte of parameter value: 40H (MIDI ch. 4) lower byte of parameter value: 00H (MIDI ch. 4) lower byte of RPN parameter number: 7FH (MIDI ch. 4) upper byte of RPN parameter number: 7FH qDecimal and Hexadecimal table In MIDI documentation, data values and addresses/sizes of exclusive messages etc. are expressed as hexadecimal values for each 7 bits. The following table shows how these correspond to decimal numbers. +------------+--------------++--------------+--------------++--------------+--------------++--------------+--------------+ | Dec. | Hex. || Dec. | Hex. || Dec. | Hex. || Dec. | Hex. | +------------+--------------++--------------+--------------++--------------+--------------++--------------+--------------+ | 0| 00H || 32 | 20H || 64 | 40H || 96 | 60H | | 1| 01H || 33 | 21H || 65 | 41H || 97 | 61H | | 2| 02H || 34 | 22H || 66 | 42H || 98 | 62H | | 3| 03H || 35 | 23H || 67 | 43H || 99 | 63H | | 4| 04H || 36 | 24H || 68 | 44H || 100 | 64H | | 5| 05H || 37 | 25H || 69 | 45H || 101 | 65H | | 6| 06H || 38 | 26H || 70 | 46H || 102 | 66H | | 7| 07H || 39 | 27H || 71 | 47H || 103 | 67H | | 8| 08H || 40 | 28H || 72 | 48H || 104 | 68H | | 9| 09H || 41 | 29H || 73 | 49H || 105 | 69H | | 10 | 0AH || 42 | 2AH || 74 | 4AH || 106 | 6AH | | 11 | 0BH || 43 | 2BH || 75 | 4BH || 107 | 6BH | | 12 | 0CH || 44 | 2CH || 76 | 4CH || 108 | 6CH | | 13 | 0DH || 45 | 2DH || 77 | 4DH || 109 | 6DH | | 14 | 0EH || 46 | 2EH || 78 | 4EH || 110 | 6EH | | 15 | 0FH || 47 | 2FH || 79 | 4FH || 111 | 6FH | | 16 | 10H || 48 | 30H || 80 | 50H || 112 | 70H | | 17 | 11H || 49 | 31H || 81 | 51H || 113 | 71H | | 18 | 12H || 50 | 32H || 82 | 52H || 114 | 72H | | 19 | 13H || 51 | 33H || 83 | 53H || 115 | 73H | | 20 | 14H || 52 | 34H || 84 | 54H || 116 | 74H | | 21 | 15H || 53 | 35H || 85 | 55H || 117 | 75H | | 22 | 16H || 54 | 36H || 86 | 56H || 118 | 76H | | 23 | 17H || 55 | 37H || 87 | 57H || 119 | 77H | | 24 | 18H || 56 | 38H || 88 | 58H || 120 | 78H | | 25 | 19H || 57 | 39H || 89 | 59H || 121 | 79H | | 26 | 1AH || 58 | 3AH || 90 | 5AH || 122 | 7AH | | 27 | 1BH || 59 | 3BH || 91 | 5BH || 123 | 7BH | | 28 | 1CH || 60 | 3CH || 92 | 5CH || 124 | 7CH | | 29 | 1DH || 61 | 3DH || 93 | 5DH || 125 | 7DH | | 30 | 1EH || 62 | 3EH || 94 | 5EH || 126 | 7EH | | 31 | 1FH || 63 | 3FH || 95 | 5FH || 127 | 7FH | +------------+--------------++--------------+--------------++--------------+--------------++--------------+--------------+ In other words, the above messages specify a value of 40 00H for RPN parameter number 00 01H on MIDI channel 4, and then set the RPN parameter number to 7F 7FH (RPN null). Once the parameter number has been specified for RPN, all Data Entry messages transmitted on that same channel will be valid, so after the desired value has been transmitted, it is a good idea to set the parameter number to 7F 7FH to prevent accidents. This is the reason for the (B3) 64 7F (B3) 65 7F at the end. 5 qExample of an Exclusive message and calculating a Checksum Roland Exclusive messages (DT1) are transmitted with a checksum at the end (before F7) to make sure that the message was correctly received. The value of the checksum is determined by the address and data of the transmitted exclusive message. rHow to calculate the checksum (hexadecimal numbers are indicated by `H') The checksum is a value derived by adding the address, size and checksum itself and inverting the lower 7 bits. Here's an example of how the checksum is calculated. We will assume that in the exclusive message we are transmitting, the address is aa bb and the data or size is ccH. aa + bb + cc = sum sum / 128 = quotient . . . [. . . ] remainder 128 - remainder = checksum <Example> Setting DETUNE to DEPTH 4 According to the "Parameter Address Map, " the DETUNE Address is 01 20H, and DEPTH 4 is a value of 40H. Thus, F0 (1) 41 (2) 00 (3) 1A (4) 12 (5) 01 20 address 40 ??data checksum F7 (6) (1) Exclusive Status, (2) ID (Roland), (3) Device ID (UNIT#-1), (4) Model ID (BX-400), (5) Command ID (DT1), (6) End of Exclusive * UNIT# must be set to the same channel as the basic channel. 1 in the example message above. Next we calculate the checksum. [. . . ]